Rinderpest, also called steppe murrain, cattle plague, or contagious bovine typhus, an acute, highly contagious viral disease of ruminant animals, primarily cattle, that was once common in africa, the indian subcontinent, and the middle east. Information and translations of rinderpest in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Historically, rinderpest was a prominent disease in u. The clinical signs can vary greatly depending of the strain of virus and the susceptibility of the host. In the past, rinderpest caused the death of millions of animals all over the world, with terrible consequences on food security, rural livelihoods and economic losses. In the final stages of eradication, the virus was entrenched in pastoral areas of the greater horn of africa, a region with weak governance, poor security, and little infrastructure that presented profound challenges to conventional control methods. Other countries completed the field activities later and received. India and pakistan were recognised as rinderpest infection free in 2004 and 2007, respectively. The classical form of rinderpest is one of the most lethal diseases of cattle, and can have a catastrophic effect on naive herds.
But thanks to decades of global efforts, in 2011 rinderpest became the second disease eradicated in the world, the first and only other one being smallpox in humans. The global rinderpest eradication programme food and. From the 1950s, the country remained free of the disease until 19921993, at which time locally restricted. Cidrap news in a move that sets the stage for the official eradication of the deadly cattle plague rinderpest, animal health authorities are ending all field activities to control the disease, theunited nations food and agriculture organization fao announced today. Oie rinderpest vigilance lets make sure rinderpest. The virus is found in nasal secretions a few days before any clinical signs appear. Repeated reinvasions of the disease, controlled by movement restrictions and immunisation, were noted in the 1930s and 1940s. Rinderpest is the second infectious disease, after smallpox, to. Rinderpest is spread by effective contact between animals carrying the virus and susceptible animals. Rinderpest and mainstream infectious disease concepts in the eighteenth century.
This cattle virus, which has historically had significant political, economic, and social consequences, is only the second infectious disease to disappear from the face of the planet due to concerted human actions. Rinderpest was a devastating disease of livestock responsible for continentwide famine and poverty. Scientists eradicate deadly rinderpest virus science. The united nations food and agriculture organization fao announced on 14 october in rome that a 16year eradication effort has succeeded and fieldwork has ended. In epidemic form, it was the most lethal plague known in cattle. Or zone free from rinderpest grep guidelines 1 introduction oie accreditation stages a country historically free from rinderpest may be accredited as free from rinderpest if it complies with conditions outlined in chapter 3. Rinderpest is only the second infectious disease to have been globally eradicated. Rinderpest is the second infectious disease, after smallpox, to have been eradicated.
After the 2011 declaration of rinderpest disease eradication, we surveyed 150 countries about rinderpest virus stocks. The catastrophic impact of rinderpest led to the establishment of britains national veterinary service in 1865, which through surveillance. Rinderpest, a cattle disease that for centuries felled herds in europe, africa and asia and caused periodic human famine, has been eradicated, veterinary epidemiologists announced this week. Rinderpest, also known as cattle plague, was a disease caused by the rinderpest virus. However, potentially infectious rinderpest virus material remains widely disseminated among research and diagnostic facilities across the world and poses a risk for. Rinderpest definition is an acute infectious disease of ruminant mammals such as cattle that is caused by a morbillivirus species rinderpest virus and that is marked by fever, diarrhea, and inflammation of mucous membranes and by high mortality in epidemics. Pdf the epidemiological history of rinderpest eradication in nepal. In 2011, the world was declared free from rinderpest, one of the most feared and devastating infectious diseases of animals. Fortyfour laboratories in 35 countries held laboratoryattenuated strains, field strains, or diagnostic samples. The faos global rinderpest eradication program has also played a vital role in eliminating the disease. Lebanon 2008 had already been declared infection free. Rinderpest was the first infectious disease to be successfully controlled by active intervention. Vaccine and reagent production and laboratory experiments continued.
Descriptions of the disease in europe date back to the 4th century and it was regularly reintroduced following wars and other civil unrest until late in the 19th century. Health organization oie declared nepal rinderpest free in may 2002. This is the first time that an animal disease is being. At one time, epidemics of rinderpest occurred regularly in eurasia. The disease primarily infected cattle and buffalo, but was also found in animals such as zebus, eland, kudu, wildebeest, antelopes, bushpigs, warthogs, giraffes, sheep, and goats. Rinderpest was a devastating affliction of livestock and wildlife, and for centuries it was a major threat to food production for societies that depended. A list of clinical signs the animal may or may not display. Animal science rinderpest, an infectious disease that has decimated cattle and devastated their keepers for millennia, is gone. Rinderpest eradication efforts have been under way since 1989, when the oie launched a system for countries to reach the disease free status. Rinderpest virus belongs to the paramyxoviridae family, subfamily paramyxovirinae, and genus morbillivirus.
Rinderpest virus sequestration and use in posteradication. Rinderpest was a disease of clovenhoofed animals characterized by fever, necrotic stomatitis, gastroenteritis, lymphoid necrosis, and high mortality. All wild and domesticated species of the order artiodactyla were variably susceptible to rinderpest, although dissemination of the. In 2011, the food and agriculture organization of the united nations fao officially declared rinderpest eradicated. The tariff act of 1930 mandated that imported animals and meat products only come from countries that were free of rinderpest and footandmouth disease fmd. Introduction of rpv into free areas is almost always by means of infected animals. The infection was probably introduced from arabia or india. Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmasters page for free fun content. Currently pakistan is provisionally rinderpest disease free country since 2003 and with the active disease, sero surveillance program with favorable surveillance results after 3 more years, pakistan will be declared rinderpest disease free country, insha allah.
Bioterrorism eradication international cooperation livestock disease rinderpest risk. English pdf spanish pdf rinderpest response package if rinderpest is ever diagnosed in the united states, this response package can get prevention information into the hands of producers and allied industries as soon as possible. Rinderpest, also known as cattle plague, is a highly contagious viral disease affecting clovenhoofed animals mainly cattle and buffalo. Rinderpest is an acute, highly contagious, viral disease of cattle, domesticated. Rinderpest and peste des petits ruminants 1st edition. Pdf rinderpest was a devastating disease of livestock responsible for continent wide famine and. Rinderpest definition of rinderpest by medical dictionary. Identifying and reducing remaining stocks of rinderpest. Rinderpest and mainstream infectious disease concepts in. Rinderpest, the second disease after smallpox to be eradicated, provides encouragement that measles can also soon be eradicated. Rinderpest is an acute, highly contagious, viral disease of cattle, domesticated buffalo and some species of wildlife.
Rinderpest has been a dreaded cattle disease for millennia, causing massive. Its agricultural, and social, importance has been already described in the historical perspectives section of this article. Rinderpest definition of rinderpest by merriamwebster. Generally there is sudden onset of fever, followed by depression, loss of appetite, reduced milk production, nasal and eye discharges and labored. According to lugard 1893 the plague was introduced along the east coast of africa, opposite aden, in 1889. Rinderpest cattle plague although rinderpest has periodically invaded egypt in the past, the disease was not known in southern africa before 1896. Activities included clinical disease research, serological surveillance sampling, contingency planning and laboratory support. Rinderpest was a devastating affliction of livestock and wildlife, and for centuries it was a major threat to food production for societies that. Rigorous standards are necessary to ensure that stocks are kept under safe.
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